This method of communication made its way to America and helped form the Pony Express, which famously delivered mail from the Atlantic coast to California. Still, this horseback journey across the Great Plains and over the Rocky Mountains was incredibly dangerous, and 10 days was a long time to wait for important news. Electric telegraph systems were established in the early s, considerably speeding up communication throughout the US. By the s, telegraph lines connected many major cities in the eastern states.
Then, in , the first transcontinental system was completed, which enabled California Chief Justice Stephen Field to send one of the first messages from San Francisco to President Abraham Lincoln. You will need to express, clarify and polish your ideas before communicating them. For written communication this usually involves a process of drafting and redrafting.
Even for verbal communication you might want to make notes of the main points you want to communicate and — if it is important — practise saying them. So thinking through which means of communication might be best for your message — such as email, a text, a phone call, a message on social media or a newsletter — is very important.
The medium constrains and shapes the message that can be sent: for example, what you can say in a text is very different from what you can say face-to-face. How well a medium is used can also give authority to your message or undermine it. For example, a confident, well-delivered presentation may add weight to your message, whereas a poor presentation may undermine it.
The message in this example would probably be better communicated via a face-to-face meeting, as it is likely to generate discussion and possibly disagreement. It could otherwise be done by email or even individual phone calls. For further information, take a look at our frequently asked questions which may give you the support you need. Have a question? If you have any concerns about anything on this site please get in contact with us here. Report a concern. Skip to main content.
Explore OpenLearn. This infographic highlights all forms of communication through ages, click here to view. Drums were one way to send signals to neighbouring tribes and groups. The sound of the drumming patterns would tell them of concerns and events they needed to know. Smoke signals were another way to send messages to people who were not close enough to use words with.
Can you imagine living without your telephone? We sure have come a long way! SAHO is still developing content for this section. If you have any content to send us or suggestions please click on 'contribute'. Rock art For some great rock art images. Visit: www. Visit: earlyhumans.
Hall claims that non-verbal communication is another language he refers to as a silent language. In contrast, critics suggest that non-verbal communication is a code that can be decoded and then reveal the true nature of people. Reality suggests otherwise. People, for example, look at the clothing and behaviour of people and then make decisions whether to start verbal communication with these people.
Hall considers that non-verbal communication provides a more reliable basis for building trust. People cannot easily control their body language and gestures and this lack of control over their non-verbal communication is perceived to be a more reliable predictor of levels of trust people can have in others. Hall reports that the use of non-verbal symbols differs from culture to culture and that this is similar to languages. It is important to understand the non-verbal communication codes for each culture to ensure that effective communication can take place.
Dinica proposes that the importance of body language should not be underestimated. Mimicking sometimes conveys a whole story. This explains why experienced people prefer to communicate face to face rather than by telephone.
Telephone conversations block opportunities to observe the body language of the other person s and as such any such communication is incomplete and uncertain Ury, ; Stanton, Pinto et al. Their study concluded that active listening, asking questions and showing empathy strengthened the therapeutic alliance with patients.
In addition, using appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication styles improved the effective communications with patients. Thomson conducted some research to ascertain what makes a communication effective. It appears that people are not actively listening due to the fact that they get distracted by other things around them or not keeping a good eye contact with the person they are communicating with. If a communication is important, then people need to listen more actively to the person they wish to communicate with.
To improve effective communication, Thomson suggests a number of actions people can take to improve their active listening skills. Table 1 is a summary of considerations why people do not listen, when people do need to listen and some steps of active listening. This includes maintaining regular and good eye contact with the other person or persons.
Eye contact allows the communicator to check how others perceive what has just been said and the effect this has had on the other person or persons. A lack of eye contact suggests that the other person may not be genuinely interested in a conversation or that they are not telling the truth.
People who understand body language are generally considered to be more effective communicators. Table 1 is a summary of some typical body gestures from everyday life. Prof Dr Eddie Fisher Author. Add to cart. Table of contents 1.
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