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Reproductive system - male. Home Reproductive system - male. Testicle injuries and conditions. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Testicle anatomy Testicular torsion Symptoms of testicular torsion Torsion of the appendix testicle Testicular cancer Other testicular conditions Trauma to the testicles Reducing the risk of testicular problems Where to get help. Testicular torsion The spermatic cord attaches the testicle to the body. Symptoms of testicular torsion Symptoms of testicular torsion include: severe pain scrotal swelling nausea and vomiting.
Torsion of the appendix testicle The appendix testicle is a small tissue structure located at the upper third of the testicle. Testicular cancer Testicular cancer is an abnormal growth or tumour that appears as a hard and usually painless lump in either testicle. Other testicular conditions Other conditions that can affect the testicles include: epididymitis — the epididymis is a collection of small tubes located at the back of each testicle. It collects and stores sperm.
Epididymitis is infection and inflammation of these tubes. Causes include urinary tract infections and sexually transmissible infections STIs.
Treatment is usually antibiotics epididymo-orchitis — this is infection of the epididymis, testicle or both, causing inflammation and pain. Treatment is usually antibiotics varicocele or varicose veins — 10 to 15 per cent of men have a varicocele, occurring where veins draw blood from the testicle.
When a man stands up, blood in the veins has to move against gravity to return to the heart. Valves in the veins help this process. The links between varicocele and infertility are not fully understood and research is ongoing. Treatment may include surgery or radiological techniques that can block the affected testicular veins, and redirect the blood flow into unaffected veins haematocele — this is a blood clot caused by trauma or injury to the testicles or scrotum.
In some cases, the body is able to reabsorb the blood. If not, the person will need surgery to remove the clot hydrocele — this is an abnormal build-up of fluid that causes the affected testicle to swell. In some cases, the body can reabsorb the fluid. Even though the condition is painless, the hydrocele may become so large that the person will need surgery to remove it spermatocele — this is an abnormal build-up of sperm-filled fluid next to the epididymis, which feels like a separate lump on the testicle.
This is harmless, but can be removed surgically if it becomes large or bothersome. It is more common after a vasectomy undescended testicles — either one or both testicles are missing from the scrotum and are lodged inside the lower abdomen. Or you might have a spinal anaesthetic. That means you are awake, but have an anaesthetic injection into your spine.
The surgeon makes a small cut in your groin and removes the testicles. After removing the testicles, they may put in fake testicles prostheses so that your scrotum looks and feels the same.
You may be able to have a smaller operation to remove only the inner part of your testes. This is a subcapsular orchidectomy. You may have some discomfort after the operation. You will have a few stitches on your scrotum. Usually, these are absorbable.
You may go home the same day or stay in the hospital overnight. You will have a follow up appointment 6 weeks or so after your surgery. At the appointment your doctor:.
It is also your chance to ask any questions. Write down any questions you have before your appointment to help you remember what you want to ask. Taking someone with you can help you to remember what the doctor says. After your first check up you will continue to have follow up to monitor your cancer. How often you have checkups varies.
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